Does lifting fast and explosively build more muscle?

Short answer

No. Whether one rep took about 1 second or about 3.5 seconds, the difference in muscle size was too small to matter. Jumping improved more with shorter lowering or stopping sets before speed dropped, and strength rose less only when lifting deliberately very slowly. Cutting sets short to keep the speed up meant less muscle growth.

Does lifting fast and explosively build more muscle?
'Explosive → more stimulus for the muscle': is it true?
Some say pushing a weight up as fast and hard as possible works the muscle more, so it grows more. Others say the opposite: lifting slowly, almost holding it, builds muscle. Using studies that changed only the speed and kept everything else the same, we checked muscle, strength, and jumping, in that order.
Changing speed did not change muscle
1 second or 3.5 seconds, the difference was too small to matter
An analysis pooled 14 studies that kept weight, sets, and reps the same and changed only the lifting speed. The difference in muscle growth between the fast side, about 1 second per rep on average, and the slow side, about 3.5 seconds, was too small to matter. Another analysis of 8 studies that trained to failure found similar muscle growth from 0.5 to 8 seconds per rep.
Compared directly with squats
Full speed or half speed, thigh muscle showed no difference
46 people did full squats 2 times a week for 8 weeks with the same weight, 3 sets, and 6-10 reps. Of four groups, two lifted at full speed and two at half that speed. Outer thigh muscle volume increased in every group, with no difference by speed. Strength gains also showed no difference between groups.
So what about strength?
It rose less only when lifting deliberately very slowly
In 15 studies that matched weight and amount of training and compared fast lifting with moderate and slow speeds grouped together, lifting strength rose by similar amounts. An analysis that pooled 24 studies with 625 people found that lifting deliberately very slowly raised strength less than lifting at fast or normal speed.
The twist: stopping early to keep speed
Continuing the set further built more muscle
An analysis pooled 19 long-term studies comparing sets that stop as soon as speed drops by a set percentage. The further the set continued as speed dropped, the more the muscle grew. Strength gains showed no difference, and stopping early improved jumping and sprint speed more.
Where fast lifting came out ahead: jumping
Shorter lowering improved the jump more
An analysis pooled 9 studies (166 people) that changed only how long the weight was lowered, shorter or longer. The shorter side improved jump height more. Muscle size showed no difference between the two. Fast movements trained fast movements.
Summary: for muscle, finishing the set mattered more than speed
Lifting fast works, and lifting slowly works
At about 1 second or 3.5 seconds per rep, muscle grew by similar amounts. If muscle is the goal, lifting at a comfortable speed and finishing the set even as speed drops works. If jumping or quick power is the goal, lifting fast and stopping before fatigue works. For strength, there is no reason to lift deliberately very slowly.